Building Elements

Formwork

Formwork is the structure, usually temporary, used to contain poured concrete and to mould it to the required dimensions and support until it is able to support itself. It consists primarily of the face contact material and the bearers that directly support the face contact material. Falsework is the more robust structure that holds temporary formwork in place is used in the temporary condition.

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Formwork systems used for concrete frame construction have continued to develop significantly since the early s. The major innovations have focused on on-site efficiency of production, health and safety, and environmental issues, driving the concrete construction industry towards ever-increasing efficiency.

Different formwork systems provide a wide range of concrete construction solutions that can be chosen to suit the needs of a particular development.

Traditional formwork for concrete construction normally consisted of bespoke solutions requiring skilled craftsmen. This type of formwork often had poor safety features and gave slow rates of construction on-site and huge levels of waste.

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The main types of formwork systems in use now are:

• System column formwork
• Horizontal panel
• Slipform
• Jumpform
• Vertical panel systems
• Permanent formwork used in some types of hybrid concrete construction

Still in use, but not as common as previously, are the types of forms that require swinging out from the side of the building. This is due to concerns about moving large objects over unprotected spaces:

• Table form/flying forms
• Tunnel form

The modern formwork systems listed above are mostly modular, which are designed for speed and efficiency. They are designed to provide increased accuracy and minimise waste in construction and most have enhanced health and safety features built-in.

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What is Formwork used in construction and requirements of good Formwork
Formwork is a temporary mould into which fresh concrete and reinforcement are placed to form a particular reinforced concrete element.
A typical breakdown of total construction percentage costs shows that formwork material and labour alone consists of 35% of the total concrete construction cost. In the construction of a structural element, the cost distribution can be found approximately as:

Concrete Cost
Materials 30%
Labour 15% = 45%

Reinforcement Steel Cost
Materials 20%
Labour 10% = 30%

Formwork Cost
Materials 15%
Labour 10% = 25%.

To ensure that the formwork is economical and practical to build, the following basic technical, economical and functional requirements that should be kept in mind when designing and constructing formwork.

Technical requirements of formwork

• Formwork should be of the desired shape, size and and fit at the location of the member in structure according to the drawings.
• Formwork shall be carefully selected for required finish surface and linings to produce the desired concrete surface.
• Formwork should withstand the pressure of fresh concrete and working loads and should not distort or deflect from their position during the concrete placing operation.
• Formwork should support the designed loads any other applied loads during the construction period.
• The formwork must not damage the concrete or themselves during removal from structure.
• Panels of the formwork should be tightly connected to minimize gap at the formwork connection to prevent leakage of cement paste.

Functional requirements of formwork

• Form sections should be of the size that can be lifted and transported easily from one job site to another.
• Formwork should be dismantled and moved as easily as possible so that construction of the building advances.
• Formwork Units must be interchangeable so that they can be used for forming different members.
• Formwork shall be designed such that it fits and fastens together with reasonable ease.
• Forms should be simple to build.
• Formwork should be as lightweight as possible without any strength reduction.
• Forms should be made such that workers can handle them without any safety issue, respecting the Health, Safety, and Hygiene Regulation in effect.

Economic requirements of formwork

• Formwork shall be made of low cost materials, energy and labour if possible.
• Formwork should be manufactured such that it can be repetitively used and shall be as adaptable as possible. They must be able to withstand a good number of reuses without losing their shape.
• Formwork must be designed so that the whole formwork can be assembled and dismantled with unskilled or semi-skilled labour.
• Formwork care and maintenance should be done according to specifications.

Rent of shuttering / formwork material depends;

1. what materials you are aiming to use in your project.
2. what is its total quantity you required, as per your project completion schedule.
3. for how much duration you want to take it on rent.
4. Search for local suppliers of material on rent, in your area.
5. Get quote from them for the material.
6. do check the quality of service they provide and terms and conditions on material rent.
7. choose one which is suitable.

Rent of material varies from city to city, state to state. no one can predict on it or can give a thumb rule for it.