1 Piece Ball Valves

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• Description:
• A one piece ball valve is a type of shut off valve constructed out of a single body piece.
• It has two openings which function as end connections that are usually threaded.
• It has a manual handle to operate the open or close function.
• Uses:
• Used to control the flow of fluid or gas in an application, whenever a simple ‘open’ and ‘close’ of the flow is required.
• Can be used to shut off flow in both directions. (Bidirectional flow control.)
• Used where a reduced flow is not important to the application.
• Can be used whenever simplicity and reliability are important factors.
• Commonly used where a robust and sturdy valve is required.
• Advantages:
• Its simple design and compact body result in a low cost.
• It has a compact body which saves space and is ideal for situations where space is tight.
• It has a low chance of leaking, since it is comprised of one body part, there are no body joints.
• Its robust design means it have a long service life and open and close securely even after long periods of not being used.
• Pressure Rating:
• Pressure rated at PSI WOG (Water, Oil, Gas).
• Port Size:
• Designed with a reduced port, also known as a standard port.
• This means that the port size of the valve is one size smaller than the pipe size it is connected to.
• This reduced port can lead to a restriction in the flow which can cause a pressure drop.
• Thread:
• These threaded ball valves have Female NPT threads on both ends.
• Construction:
• Made out of a one single piece of material and therefore has no body joints.
• Maintenance:
• Generally they don’t require much maintenance, if any.
• Not designed to be easily serviced and repaired, and must be removed from the application to be disassembled.
• To expose the ball and seats unthread the internal seat retainer end plug that has a hexagonal opening.
• Applications:
• Used in applications where a reduced flow is acceptable.
• Suitable for applications where simplicity and ease of use is important.
• Not Ideal for applications where flow rate is a concern.
• Cost:
• Their simple and compact design result in a low cost.
• This makes them the best priced of all the ball valve types.
• Material:
• Manufactured out of quality grade 316 stainless steel.

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The One Piece Ball valve as the name suggests is a type of shut off ball valve made out of one single solid body part that houses the internal components which include the ball and seats. This single body design with no body joints ensures fewer potential leaks, which makes it ideal for applications where simplicity and reliability are important. The simple design also have the added advantage of making the valve compact, robust and low cost. As a result of the smaller compact valve body, one piece ball valves have a smaller ball leading to a reduced bore, more commonly called a reduced port. This means that flow is reduced through the valve, since the ball bore has an internal diameter one size smaller than the pipe size. They require minimal maintenance since they are not intended to be disassembled or easily repaired, However they can be taken apart for cleaning and servicing by unthreading the internal seat retainer end plug that has a hexagonal opening to make it easier to screw on and off with a Allen wrench or hex key.

Material Chart:

Dimensions:

Pressure Chart:

1 piece - few potential leak paths - end connections & stem only. Lighter in weight. Downside is that they can be difficult to repair, especially if they have been installed for a while.

2 piece - only 1 body joint to worry about. Easier to repair than 1 piece valves. Tend to have to remove the whole valve from line (i.e. the end connections have to be unmade). Bulkier and heavier than 1 piece valves.

3 piece - the central body section may be removable without disturbing the end connections. Easy to repair. Central section of valves of the same family from the same manufacturer is often common to various different end connections. Downside is that there are 2 body joints. Low cost, small bore valves tend to use trough bolting rather than studs and nuts. Many small bore (2" and below) low cost 3 piece units do not comply with standards such as ASME B16.34 / BS . Lucyn,

A 1-piece valve tends to be reduced port product, since the trim needs to be installed through the end connection. Generally they are flange valves and a sleeve is threaded into the port to contain the seats/ball and presses up against an internal seal (some very cheap NPT valves are also 1-piece). These valves tend to be lower end valves, and their level of performance is reflected in the lower cost.

A 2-piece valve is typically used for flanged applications and will be availagle in both full and reduced port. For maintenance the entire valve is removed from the pipeline. The 2-piece design is generally preferred when looking for a flanged valve, as it does have one less leak path when compared to a 3-piece deign. Many chemical producers and refineries have standardized on 2-piece designs for all flanged valves.

A 3-piece valve excels in applications where the end caps are welded or threaded in to the pipeline. The centre section of the valve can be removed from the pipeline very easily and repaired as needed. As well, one of the other advantages is the ability to have different end cap configurations. For example, a 4" reduced port 300# flange could be used upstream and a 3" full port NPT end cap on the downstream. Thus eliminating the need for a pipe reducer and allowing for greater flexibility.

A well designed 3-piece valve can be just as effective as a 2-piece or 1-piece. Generally, the body leakage rate will be irrelevant when compared to the stem leakage rate. Focus on the application and end cap configuration. If it is a flanged valve, look for 2-piece valves, If it is threaded or welded ends, look for a 3-piece valve.

There is no general rule that says all 2-piece are better than 3-piece. It very much dependednt upon process needs and more importantly, the design of the valve. A well designed valve will not leak, a poorly designed product will leak regardless of the configuration.

As for API 607 certification. You will find that all three configurations can be found with a fire-safe rating, however it is much easier to find 2 and 3-piece products.