The effective spring rate of a stack of spring washers depends on the orientation of the stack. If Belleville spring washers are stacked so that they nest together (i.e. stacked like paper cups), they are said to be in “parallel” with each other. When a stack of springs in parallel is deflected, all of the springs in the stack deflect as much as the total stack deflection. The effective spring rate for spring washers in parallel is simply the sum of the individual spring washer rates. This is an effective way of achieving very high force output in very limited operating space. For a stack of n spring washers in parallel, the effective spring rate is calculated using the following equation.
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If spring washers are stacked such that they meet O.D.-to-O.D. and I.D.-to-I.D., the stack is said to be in “series”. In this case, the deflection of the stack is distributed between all of the springs in the stack. The effective spring rate for the stack is lower than the softest individual spring rate in the stack. This is an effective means of gaining available deflection in limited operating space. For a stack of n spring washers in series, the effective spring rate is calculated using the following equation.
In cases where spring washers are stacked in a combination of series and parallel, calculate the effective rates for segments of the stack in series and then calculate the entire stack as a parallel stack considering the series segments as single springs with their respective effective spring rates.
Springs are dimensioned according to DIN . The dimensions in the catalogue are unmachined measurements. Therefor measurements may differ from those in the catalogue tables. This applies to diameters and thickness.
The force is calculated theoretically. It is intended as a guide, with scope for large tolerances.
50 CrV4 & Stainless 304 & stainless 316 (all with stock numbers such as -420-50 & -420-50-304 & -420-50-316)The springs 50 CrV4 & Stainless 304 & stainless 316 are dimensioned according to DIN , which gives the following tolerances.
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The force is calculated theoretically. It is intended as a guide, with scope for large tolerances.
If you want a PDF datasheet or a 3D CAD drawing of the spring in .step, .iges or .sat format, these can be downloaded for free by clicking on the 3D CAD symbol next to the item number in the table.
The service life of a spring is generally very difficult to define. A large number of parameters come into play, and it is therefore impossible to define a service life.
Parameters with a significant influence on service life include: Installation, installation method, number of movements, vibrations, shocks, torsion, length of travel, non-axial travel, temperature, wear against other surfaces, environment of use, any cleaning agents, lateral impacts, etc.
Applying the maximum load to the spring or exceeding it will shorten its service life and may cause it to become permanently distorted.
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