The title of the specification may not always be enough. It often helps to know the grade and the class within the specification that we must forge to. These details allow us to understand better the testing and heat treat requirements for your component to certify that your forging meets those requirements. Let us supplement your team to help forge and certify your components. Continue learning what else you need to know about your forging when requesting a quote in the links below.
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As a custom forge shop with experts in each industry, we hardly ever see two forgings that are the same. Just a few checklist items to consider when purchasing a forging are:
These are all great questions and really only scratch the surface of what you may need out of your forging. More often than not, if you're unfamiliar with the buying process or metal forming, this can be overwhelming.
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It's not as simple as you may think! When working with large quantities, it helps to have a dedicated account manager who understands the cadence required to keep your shop or projects running smoothly. Our technically trained team can help you save time and money by appropriately batching work either for material or thermal treatment purposes.
Using this model, it is apparent that the key to minimizing distortion is to select a fabrication process that (1) uses input material with little or no residual stress and (2) will permit a subsequent processing path that introduces as little residual stress as possible. To form a plate into a cylinder, in most cases, it will require stretching the metal beyond its yield point to both hold the cylindrical shape and allow for the subsequent spring-back. If it is assumed that the starting plate is essentially free of residual stress due to processing at elevated temperatures (a large assumption, indeed), the equilibrium state of the plate is subsequently changed during rolling through the introduction of tensile and compressive stresses that shift the equilibrium state to that of a cylindrical shape (requiring a weld to hold it in place because of the tendency to spring back, in particular with materials having a high yield strength).
Understanding the proportional relationship between stress and strain (elastic modulus), it can be intuitively understood that the stretching will spring back to a new state that now has residual stress present. In addition, the introduction of the longitudinal weldment to complete the cylindrical shape further disrupts the system through the introduction of thermal energy. The severity of the residual stress will increase with increases in either, or all, of the yield strength of the base metal, circumference of the tube and plate thickness. Once the desired shape is achieved, it will remain in that shape as long as no subsequent processing or service conditions that alters the stress state is performed (machining or welding, for example). When the part does distort, additional mechanical work is required to revive the desired shape, resulting in an often "circular" manufacturing path. These costs are often not considered when selecting a rolled and welded cylinder.
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